Synthesis of inducible heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) is impaired in aged animals following acute stresses including exercise. In this study we determined whether aging affects expression of this cytoprotective protein following chronic exercise participation. Male Fischer 344 rats, final ages 6 and 24 months, exercised identically for 10 weeks on a treadmill (15 degrees incline, 15 m/min for up to 60 minutes, 5 days/week). In 6-month-old animals, exercise increased HSP70 in heart (44%), liver (216%), and skeletal muscle (126%) (p <.05 vs sedentary). In 24-month-old animals, exercise increased HSP70 in muscle (69%), but not in heart or liver. In heart, antioxidant enzyme activities and HSP70 messenger RNA were measured and found to be unaffected by exercise at both ages. Our results indicate an age-related decrease in HSP70 production in heart and liver following chronic exercise. Furthermore, the aged heart does not increase its antioxidant enzyme defenses to compensate for the HSP70 deficit.