Screening mutant libraries of fungal laccases in the presence of organic solvents

J Biomol Screen. 2005 Sep;10(6):624-31. doi: 10.1177/1087057105277058. Epub 2005 Aug 15.

Abstract

Reliable screening methods are being demanded by biocatalysts' engineers, especially when some features such as activity or stability are targets to improve under non-natural conditions (i.e., in the presence of organic solvents). The current work describes a protocol for the design of a fungal laccase-expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae-highly active in organic cosolvents. A high-throughput screening assay based on ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)) oxidation was validated. The stability of the ABTS radical cation was not significantly altered in the presence of acetonitrile, ethanol, or DMSO. With a coefficient of variance below 10% and a sensitivity limit of 15 pg laccase/microL, the assay was reproducible and sensitive. The expression system of Myceliophthora thermophila laccase variant T2 in S. cerevisiae was highly dependent on the presence of Cu2+. Copper concentration was limited up to 10 microM CuSO4 where expression levels (approximately 14-18 mg/L) were acceptable without compromising the reliability of the assay. A mutant library was created by error-prone PCR with 1.1 to 3.5 mutations per kb. After only 1 generation of directed evolution, mutant 6C9 displayed about 3.5-fold higher activities than parent type in the presence of 20% acetonitrile or 30% ethanol. The method provided here should be generally useful to improve the activity of other redox enzymes in mixtures of water/cosolvents.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Acetonitriles / pharmacology
  • Benzothiazoles
  • Cations / chemistry
  • Chemistry, Organic / methods
  • Chemistry, Pharmaceutical
  • Dimethyl Sulfoxide / chemistry
  • Directed Molecular Evolution
  • Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
  • Drug Evaluation, Preclinical / methods*
  • Ethanol / chemistry
  • Ethanol / pharmacology
  • Gene Library
  • Genes, Fungal
  • Laccase / chemistry*
  • Laccase / genetics
  • Laccase / isolation & purification
  • Mutation
  • Oxidation-Reduction
  • Polymerase Chain Reaction
  • Sequence Analysis, DNA
  • Solvents / chemistry*
  • Sulfonic Acids / chemistry
  • Water / chemistry

Substances

  • Acetonitriles
  • Benzothiazoles
  • Cations
  • Solvents
  • Sulfonic Acids
  • Water
  • 2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid
  • Ethanol
  • Laccase
  • Dimethyl Sulfoxide
  • acetonitrile