Biodegradation of thiomersal containing effluents by a mercury resistant Pseudomonas putida strain

Water Res. 2005 Sep;39(15):3511-22. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2005.06.012.

Abstract

Thiomersal, a toxic organomercurial with a strong bactericidal effect, is the most widely used preservative in vaccine production. As a result, vaccine production wastewaters are frequently polluted with thiomersal concentrations above the European limit for mercury effluent discharges for which there is, presently, no remediation technology available. This work proposes a biotechnological process for the remediation of vaccine production wastewaters based on the biological degradation of thiomersal to metallic mercury, under aerobic conditions, by a mercury resistant bacterial strain. The kinetics of thiomersal degradation by a pure culture of Pseudomonas putida spi3 was firstly investigated in batch reactors using a thiomersal amended mineral medium. Subsequently, a continuous stirred tank reactor fed with the same medium was operated at a dilution rate of 0.05 h(-1), and the bioreactor performance and robustness was evaluated when exposed to thiomersal shock loads. In a second stage, the bioreactor was fed directly with a real vaccine wastewater contaminated with thiomersal and the culture ability to grow in the wastewater and remediate it was evaluated for dilution rates ranging from 0.022 to 0.1 h(-1).

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Biodegradation, Environmental
  • Bioreactors
  • Industrial Waste
  • Mercury / analysis
  • Mercury / metabolism
  • Preservatives, Pharmaceutical / analysis
  • Preservatives, Pharmaceutical / metabolism*
  • Pseudomonas putida / metabolism*
  • Thimerosal / analysis
  • Thimerosal / metabolism*
  • Vaccines
  • Waste Disposal, Fluid / methods*
  • Water Pollutants, Chemical / analysis
  • Water Pollutants, Chemical / metabolism*

Substances

  • Industrial Waste
  • Preservatives, Pharmaceutical
  • Vaccines
  • Water Pollutants, Chemical
  • Thimerosal
  • Mercury