Objective: To examine the difference of using onset or peak latency in the segmental conduction study of the median nerve in normal adults without carpal tunnel syndrome.
Design: We investigated 60 hands of 30 young healthy adults (15 men and 15 women; mean age, 27.1 yrs; range, 18-36 yrs). We performed the mid-palm segmental conduction study using antidromic and orthodromic techniques in the median sensory nerves of the second and third digits and the onset and peak latencies of the proximal (wrist-palm) and distal (palm-digit) segments were measured. The distoproximal latency ratios were compared between onset and peak latencies and were compared with the ratios of the superficial radial sensory nerve.
Results: Distoproximal peak latency ratios in the median and superficial radial sensory nerves were always >1.0 in both the antidromic and orthodromic conduction studies. However, distoproximal onset latency ratios in the median sensory nerve were >1.0 in only 35% and 21.7% of second digits and in only 25% and 11.7% of third digits in orthodromic and antidromic studies, respectively (P < 0.05). The results of distoproximal onset latency ratios in the superficial radial sensory nerve were 93.3% in the orthodromic study and 86.7% in the antidromic study (P < 0.05).
Conclusion: Prolongation of onset latency across the carpal tunnel during segmental conduction study of the median sensory nerve was common in healthy adults. When comparing proximal and distal segments for diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome, using onset latency as a diagnostic variable may cause greater reporting of false positives.