Soft tissue response to mandibular advancement and genioplasty

Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1992 Jun;101(6):550-5. doi: 10.1016/0889-5406(92)70130-3.

Abstract

Changes in facial esthetics after orthognathic surgery should be predictable if the results are to be satisfactory. The skeletal elements are moved in a planned and controlled manner, but the soft tissue drape is not as precisely managed. This study was on 31 patients who had undergone a mandibular advancement by means of a sagittal split osteotomy, 17 of whom had also received an advancement genioplasty and 6 received a maxillary impaction. The results showed a consistent 1:1 ratio of soft to hard tissue advancement at pogonion and B point, and that predictions could be accurate in both anteroposterior and vertical directions. When a genioplasty was added to the advancement, however, the results were much less consistent. The mean ratio was 0.9:1 of soft tissue to skeletal movement at pogonion, but the average difference between hard and soft tissue movement was +/- 2.6 mm. Thus the prediction of anteroposterior soft tissue changes was quite inaccurate. Changes in the vertical dimension were also more marked in the genioplasty group. The lower lip also showed a variable response, particularly in the genioplasty group, where the mean ratio was 0.5 mm lip advancement per 1.0 mm skeletal change, but again a range of 4.0 mm in either direction. There were no meaningful changes 1 year after surgery.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Cephalometry
  • Child
  • Chin / pathology
  • Chin / surgery*
  • Face*
  • Humans
  • Lip / pathology
  • Longitudinal Studies
  • Malocclusion / surgery
  • Mandible / pathology
  • Mandible / surgery*
  • Maxilla / pathology
  • Maxilla / surgery
  • Osteotomy / methods*
  • Vertical Dimension