Elective induction vs. spontaneous labor associations and outcomes

J Reprod Med. 2005 Apr;50(4):235-40.

Abstract

Objective: To determine factors and outcomes associated with elective medical induction of labor as compared with spontaneous labor in low-risk women.

Study design: Using a birth certificate database including 11,849 low-risk, laboring women, univariate and multiple logistic regression was used to evaluate demographic and obstetric factors associated with elective labor induction. Low risk was defined as singleton, vertex, 37-41 weeks' gestation, no prior cesarean section, and no presenting medical/obstetric diagnoses considered indications for cesarean or induction. Adverse neonatal outcome was defined as 1- or 5-minute Apgar score < 7, neonatal intensive care unit admission or respiratory distress. Spontaneously laboring women (n = 10,608) were compared with women who underwent induced labor for no apparent medical/obstetric reason (n = 1,241). Interventions and outcomes during and after labor induction were adjusted for relevant associated variables.

Results: Odds ratios for epidural anesthesia, cesarean delivery and diagnoses of nonreassuring fetal heart rate patterns were independently increased following elective induction; odds ratios for cephalopelvic disproportion, instrumental delivery and adverse neonatal outcome were not. Maternal length of stay was 0.34 days longer with induction than with spontaneous labor (p < 0.0001). Slightly more induced labors ended before midnight.

Conclusion: As compared with spontaneous labor, elective labor induction is independently associated with more intrapartum interventions, more cesarean deliveries and longer maternal length of stay. Neonatal outcome is unaffected.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Anesthesia, Epidural
  • Birth Certificates
  • Cesarean Section / statistics & numerical data*
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Labor, Induced*
  • Length of Stay
  • Odds Ratio
  • Parity
  • Pregnancy
  • Pregnancy Outcome*
  • Regression Analysis
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Risk Factors