Aim: Platelet rich plasma (PRP) is utilized in oral surgery to enhance bone healing and it has been suggested to accelerate soft tissue healing. Nevertheless, there is no evidence on biological concentration of platelets needed to determine the higher biological response. Therefore, aim of this study is to evaluate the action of PRP in vitro on osteoblasts and fibroblasts and to evaluate which is the most effective concentration of PRP.
Methods: PRP was obtained from volunteers donors by standard apheresis. Osteoblasts were growth for 72 hours in a medium added with platelet concentration of 230%. Fibroblasts were treated with different platelet density for 24 hours and 72 hours. Platelet density was increased of 230%, 350%, 460% and 700% the normal blood count. Cell proliferation was evaluated with MTT test. ANOVA test was used to assess cells proliferation data.
Results: Osteoblasts proliferation, at 72 hours, showed an increase of proliferation in PRP group compared to plasma (P < 0.001). Fibroblast proliferation after 24 hours increases when PRP is added (P < 0.05). However, no significant differences were detected among the various concentration of PRP. Yet, at 72 hours, MTT values increases when platelet concentrate is 230% and 350%. At 700% platelet density MTT values were lower than control group (P < 0.05).
Conclusions: Our results indicated that PRP has an enhancing effect on osteoblasts and fibroblasts proliferation when it is prepared only within certain ranges of concentrations. However, further experimental studies are needed to confirm our hypothesis.