Upregulation of VEGF-C by androgen depletion: the involvement of IGF-IR-FOXO pathway

Oncogene. 2005 Aug 18;24(35):5510-20. doi: 10.1038/sj.onc.1208693.

Abstract

Androgen ablation therapy is eventually followed by a more metastatic and androgen-refractory stage of prostate cancer. The detailed molecular mechanism of this gradual transition is not clearly understood. Recent reports correlate the high abundance of vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C) to the lymph node metastasis seen in human prostate cancer (Tsurusaki et al., 1999). In this study, we report that androgen ablation in LNCaP cells augment the transcriptional upregulation of VEGF-C and the downregulation of the IGF-IR pathway, due to androgen withdrawal, is a potential mechanism for this observed VEGF-C transcription. Forkhead transcription factor FOXO-1, activated by SIRT-1, was identified as the downstream molecule within this pathway. Furthermore, the VEGF-C-induced increase of Bag-IL expression in LNCaP cells suggests that VEGF-C plays a role in the androgen-independent reactivation of the androgen receptor, resulting in androgen-refractory prostate cancer growth.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

MeSH terms

  • Androgens / metabolism
  • Blotting, Western
  • Carrier Proteins / metabolism
  • Cell Line, Tumor
  • DNA-Binding Proteins
  • Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
  • Histone Deacetylases / metabolism
  • Humans
  • Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / metabolism*
  • Male
  • Prostatic Neoplasms / metabolism*
  • RNA, Messenger / analysis
  • Receptors, Androgen / metabolism*
  • Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
  • Signal Transduction / physiology
  • Sirtuin 1
  • Sirtuins / metabolism
  • Transcription Factors / metabolism*
  • Transfection
  • Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor C / metabolism*

Substances

  • Androgens
  • BCL2-associated athanogene 1 protein
  • Carrier Proteins
  • DNA-Binding Proteins
  • RNA, Messenger
  • Receptors, Androgen
  • Transcription Factors
  • Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor C
  • Insulin-Like Growth Factor I
  • SIRT1 protein, human
  • Sirtuin 1
  • Sirtuins
  • Histone Deacetylases