A model for preventive intervention based on the use of the Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS) with prematures is presented, and the conceptual framework underlying this approach is made explicit. The approach is based on the assumption that the neonatal period presents clinicians with a unique opportunity to influence parent-infant relationship positively from the beginning. The model of intervention described herein is based on the development of a supportive therapeutic relationship between clinicians and parents and as much may serve as the first stage in a comprehensive follow-up program of support for infants and families.