Myoepithelial cells present in exocrine glands cause secretion from the glands by contraction. They have mixed characteristics with regard to cytoskeletal elements, containing both epithelial-type intermediate filaments and smooth muscle-type myofilaments. For further characterization, myoepithelial cells from bovine apocrine sweat glands and tracheal glands were here examined with special attention to the cell-substratum adhesion system. Immunofluorescence microscopy using a panel of antibodies against adherens-type junctional and hemidesmosomal proteins demonstrated two types of cell-substratum junctions in myoepithelial cells from both glands. Type-I hemidesmosomes (HDs) consisting of plectin, BP230, integrin alpha6beta4, and BP180 were thus observed as punctate arrays longitudinally arranged along myoepithelial cell surfaces, while adherens-type junctions were similarly evident as linear rib-like structures. Double-label immunofluoresence revealed the two junctions to be distributed in a mutually exclusive or independent manner. Electron microscopy further demonstrated that apocrine myoepithelial cells surround secretory epithelial cells completely, without any gaps, HDs being abundant along the basement membrane, but with no distinct structures in the inter-hemidesmosomal regions. Immunoelectron microscopy, however, revealed an interhemidesmosomal localization of vinculin, pointing to the existence of adherens-type junctions. Secretory epithelial cells in tracheal glands were found not to be completely covered with myoepithelial cells, so that more than half of them are directly attached to the basement membrane, where they form type II-HDs lacking BP230 and BP180, but no detectable adherens junctions, like epidermal basal cells and sebaceous gland cells. These observations demonstrate that, in addition to their cytoskeleton, myoepithelial cells have both epithelial- and smooth muscle-type cell-substratum adhesion structures, i.e. HDs and dense plaque-like adherens junctions.