In general, the criteria for the treatment of urolithiasis in children are the same as those for adults. Today, extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) is the method of choice in the treatment of most pediatric urinary stones. Stone-free rates between 67% and 93% at short-term follow-up, and 57% to 92% at long-term follow-up, have proven the efficacy of ESWL treatment in children. Nevertheless, the demand for auxiliary measures still remains. In order to achieve the most beneficial success rates under low complications, it is advisable to perform this type of ESWL in centers that claim the experience necessary for ESWL and endourological measures in children.