We present the results of a study on the prevalence of low back pain (LBP) in a group of hospital nursing personnel. In 180 subjects (89% women) a questionnaire on LBP was collected. The prevalence of LBP episodes during the last 12 months was 63,9%; no difference was observed according to the working area (medicine, surgery, emergency). The proportion of subjects with LBP tended to increase according to the previous duration of work, but not with age. The prevalence of LBP was significantly lower in nursing personnel working according the team nursing model, that is less repetitive, and involves less work load, compared to the functional nursing model. Furthermore, LBP prevalence was lower among nurses that received an adequate formation on the prevention of occupational LBP. The results of the study confirm the relevance of LBP in nursing personnel, but suggest also that an adequate preventive programme can significantly reduce the risk.