Single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP) is the most common type of sequence difference between alleles, which can be used as a kind of high-throughput genetic marker. Several different routes have been developed to discover and identify SNP. These include the direct sequencing of PCR amplicons, electronic SNP(eSNP) and so on. SNP assays have been made in many crop species such as maize and soybean. The elite germplasm of some crops have been narrowed in genetic diversity, increasing the amount of linkage disequilibrium (LD) present and facilitating the association of SNP haplotypes at candidate gene loci with phenotypes. SNP analysis has been broadly used in the field of plant gene mapping, integration of genetic and physical maps, DNA marker-assisted breeding and functional genomics.