The study was performed in 1997 and involved school children between the age of 6 and 12 in Novi Travnik, Bosnia and Herzegovina (n = 203) and Zabok, Croatia (n = 132). OHI-S (Simplified Oral Hygiene Index by Green-Vermillion) and DMF (Decayed, Missing, Filled) index were used as main outcome measures. Prewar data were taken from the respective literature. The value of the DMF/dmf (PERMANENT/deciduous teeth) for six-year-olds in Novi Travnik of the period before the war was: d = 5.6, m = 0.4, f= 0.6 and D = 0.3, F = 0.1 and the average DMF index of twelve-year-olds for the same period were 6.5. The DMF/dmf index in 1997 in Novi Travnik was: d = 9.4+/-4.4; m = 0.7 +/-1.1; D = 1.9+/-1.2 and average DMF index of twelve-year-olds was 9.0+/-4.16. The DMF index of twelve-year-olds in Zabok in 1990 was 3.4 and 4.1+/-2.1 in 1997. Total DMF index for all the examined ages in 1997 for Zabok was 6.1+/-3.7 and for the examinees in Novi Travnik 10.5+/-4.1 (p<0.001). Similarly, the OHI-S in 1997 for Zabok was 1.0+/-0.7 whereas 1.7+/-0.7 (p<0.001) in Novi Travnik. In comparison to prewar data, DMF index in 1997 was considerably higher. Increase of DMF index was higher in Novi Travnik than in Zabok, which can be attributed to the war and wartime conditions.