A random sample of 302 children, aged between 6 months and 15 years, of a healthy Mediterranean population were studied. Abnormal values of biochemical parameters of iron status were frequently found. In the 0.5-2 year group, erythrocyte protoporphyrin values were abnormal in 13.5% of subjects, serum ferritin in 9.7%, transferrin saturation capacity in 75.3%, mean red cell volume in 4.1% and haemoglobin in 9.7%. Comparing nutritional intake (24 h dietary recall over 3 days) between individuals at low and high values of biochemical iron status some significant differences were found in each age group but in no case with regard to heme iron intake. In the overall age-adjusted study population, the nutritional intake had a low but significant explanatory capacity of the variance of the measured biochemical iron status parameters (between 1.1% for transferrin saturation capacity and 4.5% for serum ferritin) and a non-significant capacity in those children younger than 3 years. In conclusion, although the dietary pattern in our area favours a good iron bioavailability, in our population the nutritional intake was shown to have a limited relationship with the parameters of biochemical iron status parameters. These data suggest that, in healthy children, abnormal biochemical iron status parameters may be related to factors other than nutritional intake.