Breviscapine is a flavonoid extracted from Erigeron breviscapus. Hand.-Mazz, and it has been reported that breviscapine can activate K+ channels and block Ca2+ channels. In this paper, we studied the cardioprotective effects of breviscapine on electrocardiogram (ECG) changes (ST-segment elevation), infarction size in dog heart subjected to myocardial infarction caused by left coronary artery ligation and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage, changes of intracellular free Ca2+ levels, apoptosis and necrosis in cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes subjected to hypoxia. Additionally, the effect of breviscapine on myocardial oxygen consumption was detected in dog myocardium in vitro. The results showed that breviscapine treatment (1 mg/kg, 2 mg/kg and 4 mg/kg) significantly reduced ST-segment elevation and infarction size in hearts subjected to myocardial infarction, that breviscapine treatment (14.29 microg/mL, 28.57 microg/mL and 57.14 microg/mL) significantly decreased oxygen consumption in myocardium, and that breviscapine treatment (5 microg/mL, 10 microg/mL and 20 microg/mL) significantly reduced LDH leakage, intracellular free Ca2+ levels, apoptosis and necrosis in cardiomyocytes subjected to hypoxia. In conclusion, the present study indicates that breviscapine is in favor of myocardial protection.