Adriamycin (ADR) is a widely used drug for the treatments of cancers. This study evaluates the effects of moxonidine and metoprolol on cardiac hemodynamics and survival in ADR-induced left ventricular dysfunction (total dose of 20 mg/kg in a 4-week regimen). Rats were treated with the centrally acting I(1)R agonist sympatho-inhibitor, moxonidine, or with the non-selective beta-adrenergic antagonist, metoprolol, during 1 month or until death. Treatments began 1 week after the onset of the ADR administration. Low doses (0.5 and 1 mg/kg/day) of moxonidine and metoprolol (10 mg/kg/day) improved cardiovascular function. High doses of moxonidine (3 mg/kg/day) and metoprolol (150 mg/kg/day) were cardiodepressive. Moxonidine and metoprolol both failed to improve survival. These data indicate that a treatment with these sympatho-inhibitors can reduce the left ventricular dysfunction induced by ADR. Moreover, these cardioprotective effects where obtained even when ADR was used at a dose regimen usually employed for its antineoplastic effects in rodents. Nevertheless, in this particular cardiomyopathy, we did not find any association between improvements of functional parameters and survival whatever the drug and the dose used. This problem points out the difficulty to prevent, at least with sympatho-inhibitory drugs alone, the mortality linked to the chronic cardiotoxicity of ADR.