The taxonomic history, distribution, bionomics, systematics, and vector control strategies for the Anopheles sundaicus complex are reviewed in relation to malaria epidemiology. The lack of data on the bionomics, insecticide resistance, and vector capacity, as well as the general lack of surveillance and monitoring of potential vector populations, make the development of targeted control measures problematic. It will be necessary to elucidate, characterize and identify all members of the complex to determine their distributions, disease relationships, ecologic relationships, and resistance to insecticides. This knowledge is essential for epidemiologic studies, the design and implementation of appropriate vector control measures, and the development of strategies for monitoring and assessing the potential risk of malaria outbreaks due to members of the complex.