Twenty-eight microsatellite markers were used to analyze the conservation efficiency of two local chicken breeds (Dagu Chicken and Beijing Fatty Chicken) in different farms. Genotypes were detected in 125 samples. The genetic variations among and within the populations were calculated by the number of alleles, gene frequency, genetic heterozygosity (H), PIC, F-statistics, Nei's genetic distance and UPGMA. High polymorphism was found in the four populations, and H and PIC values of each population were more than 0. 5. All loci detected in the study showed polymorphism and the number of alleles ranged from 2 to 22 in total population. Most of these loci were at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium except two loci (LE110194, MCW0032). The four conservation farms for the two breeds were shown to have retained substantial biodiversity, indicating that the conservation programs are efficient. However, differences between the farms of the same breeds were observed.