Sequence of IGF-I, IGF-II, and HGF expression in regenerating skeletal muscle

Histochem Cell Biol. 2004 Nov;122(5):427-34. doi: 10.1007/s00418-004-0704-y. Epub 2004 Oct 5.

Abstract

Various cytokines are thought to play a role in muscle regeneration, however, the interaction and mechanisms of action of these cytokines remains largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the role of HGF, IGF-I, and IGF-II during myogenesis using the regeneration model of skeletal muscle as well as myoblast culture. RT-PCR analysis revealed that HGF and IGF-I expressions were markedly upregulated, in regenerating muscle. In contrast, there was no significant difference in IGF-II expression between normal and regenerating muscle. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that HGF was expressed mostly by myocytes during the early stages of muscle regeneration. Additionally, HGF inhibited the formation of myotubes by myoblasts, but promoted cellular proliferation. Otherwise, IGF-I and IGF-II were expressed by myocytes through the early to middle stages of muscle regeneration. The addition of HGF to myoblast growing in vitro significantly increased the number of cells. These findings indicate that these three cytokines have pleiotropic effects in regenerating skeletal muscle.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Cattle
  • Cell Proliferation / drug effects
  • Cells, Cultured
  • Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
  • Female
  • Hepatocyte Growth Factor / metabolism*
  • Hepatocyte Growth Factor / pharmacology
  • Humans
  • Immunohistochemistry
  • Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / metabolism*
  • Insulin-Like Growth Factor II / metabolism*
  • Muscle Fibers, Skeletal / drug effects
  • Muscle Fibers, Skeletal / metabolism
  • Muscle, Skeletal / cytology
  • Muscle, Skeletal / physiology*
  • Myoblasts / drug effects
  • Myoblasts / metabolism
  • RNA, Messenger / metabolism
  • Recombinant Proteins / pharmacology
  • Regeneration*
  • Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
  • Time Factors

Substances

  • RNA, Messenger
  • Recombinant Proteins
  • Hepatocyte Growth Factor
  • Insulin-Like Growth Factor I
  • Insulin-Like Growth Factor II