Polymorphism of major noncoding region of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA D-loop, 528 bp in length) from the three modem kazakh populations and from DNA samples of ancient people inhabited modern Kazakhstani Altai were studied. PCR and RFLP analysis of 13 sites of restriction--BamHI, EcoRV, Sau3AI (1 restriction site), KpnI (2 sites), HaeIII (3 sites), RsaI (5 restriction sites), were carried out. The distribution of each site frequencies was determined. Nucleotide diversity (h) and genetic distance between different kazakh population and other populations of world were estimated. The same RFLP analysis of the mitochondrial DNA control region was carried out for the paleogenomic samples. It was shown that two samples of ancient mitochondrial DNA were monomorphous throughout all analyzed restriction sites.