Gaucher disease, one of the common lysosomal storage disorders, is caused by a deficiency of glucocerebrosidase (GC). We investigated gene transfer using recombinant adeno-associated viral (rAAV) vectors containing human GC cDNA driven by the human elongation factor 1-alpha promoter. This rAAV vector mediated efficient expression of human GC in human Gaucher fibroblasts. GC activities were increased from 2.8 to 3.4 times in normal fibroblast and from 1.9 to 4.6 times in Gaucher fibroblasts, and these increases in GC activity were maintained over 20 weeks. Intravenous administration of vectors via the hepatic portal vein and tail vein of wild-type mice resulted in efficient transduction into the tissues. GC activities of the liver, spleen, and lung in transduced mice were increased significantly up to two fold at 6 weeks after transduction. Significantly increased GC activities persisted over 20 weeks. Therefore, rAAV vector-mediated gene transfer may provide a therapeutic approach for the treatment of Gaucher disease.