Lymphadenitis is the most common presentation of extra pulmonary tuberculosis, whereas gastrointestinal localization, particularly duodenal involvement, is rare. We report a case of extra pulmonary tuberculosis with association between cervical lymphadenitis and duodenitis with multiple ulcers, not responsive to treatment with protonic pump inhibitors, in a human immunodeficiency virus-seronegative adult woman of Eritrean origin. Clinical patterns of duodenal TB, diagnostic difficulties and aetiopathogenesis are discussed according to the literature. In this case report it is suggested that tuberculous infection must be considered when duodenal ulcers fail to respond to proton pump inhibitors, especially when the patient comes from an endemic area.