The incidence of abdominal symptoms after cholecystectomy in adults is high. Up to one third of the patients consult a doctor because of abdominal complaints within 1 year after the operation. In addition, a higher incidence of colon carcinoma after cholecystectomy has been reported in female patients. This article reviews the known facts on the "postcholecystectomy syndrome". However, little is known about postcholecystectomy symptoms in children. Reports on cholecystectomy in children deal rather with feasibility than long-term outcome. Therapeutic concepts for children with symptomatic gallstone disease should consider the differences in the etiology of gallstone formation between children and adults. Therefore, we recommend a specific concept, including laparoscopic cholecystotomy, for children with temporary disorders causing gallstones, and laparoscopic cholecystectomy for all other patients. The impact of these procedures on postcholecystectomy symptoms in children and the impact of cholecystectomy during childhood on the incidence of right-sided colonic carcinoma remains to be determined.