Purpose: The primary diagnosis of renal masses in children is made by imaging studies. This retrospective analysis describes the imaging features of rhabdoid tumors (RT) with US, CT and MRI, to point out characteristics and to evaluate the possibility of differentiation between RT and Wilms tumor.
Materials and methods: We reviewed 10 MRI (6 STIR, 9 T1 w, 8 T2 w, 10 T1 post KM), 15 CT (9 Nativ-CT, 14 KM-CT) and 14 US images of 22 patients (age 2 - 57 months) with histopathologically confirmed RT. The following characteristics were evaluated: subcapsular fluid collection, multiple tumor lobules, presence of calcification, primary tumor size, visibility of tumor margin, tumor necrosis and metastases.
Results: The mean total tumor volume was 238 ml. 19 RT were located in the perihilar/medullary region with invasion of the renal hilum, and 5/22 tumors showed multiple tumor lobules. Subcapsular fluid collection was found in 6/22 cases. Calcifications were present in 6/19. Eleven tumors were well defined from the renal parenchyma, 9 poorly defined, 2 could not be assessed. In 19/22 cases tumor necrosis was found. Distant metastases were seen in 8 cases in the lung, in 3 cases in the CNS. Metastases of regional lymph nodes were seen in 9 cases.
Conclusion: The evaluated characteristics frequently found in RT are not indicative of these tumors. RT cannot clearly be differentiated from Wilms tumor by imaging studies. Because of frequent involvement of the CNS and lung, a MRI of the CNS and CT of the lung is indicated after histopathologic diagnosis of RT is made.