Benefit-cost analysis relies heavily upon risk assessment. The extent to which benefits can be quantitatively included in an economic analysis is frequently determined by risk assessment methods. Therefore, interdisciplinary collaboration between economists and experts in risk assessment-related disciplines is critical to further development of quantitative human health benefits analysis. To further lay the groundwork for such collaborations, this article reviews the economic foundations of benefit-cost analysis, identifies implications of incorporating this approach into risk assessment, and suggests future cooperation between economists and risk assessors.