Abstract
We have examined the ability of marine Proteobacteria from the Pseudoalteromonas genus and Alteromonas macleodii to produce low-molecular-weight, biologically active compounds with antimicrobial and surface-active properties. A new marine bacterium, Pseudoalteromonas issachenkonii, exhibited a high level of biological activity and produced antifungal and hemolytic compounds. A detailed spectroscopic investigation based on UV, IR, high-resolution mass spectrometry, and 2D 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance revealed that the former was indole-2,3-dione (isatin). The chemical structure of red-brown pigment (C9H7N3OS3) responsible for hemolytic activity remained unclear. Four of the 15 strains studied (P. luteoviolacea, P. rubra, P. undina, and P. issachenkonii) produced cell-bound, two (P. elaykovii and P. carrageenovora) produced extracellular, and one strain (P. citrea) produced cell-bound and extracellular fatty acids and phospholipids with surface activity. Neither peptides nor glycolipids with surface activity were detected.
Publication types
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MeSH terms
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Alteromonas / chemistry
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Alteromonas / isolation & purification
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Antifungal Agents / isolation & purification*
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Antifungal Agents / metabolism
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Antifungal Agents / pharmacology
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Fatty Acids / chemistry
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Fatty Acids / isolation & purification
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Fatty Acids / metabolism
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Fatty Acids / toxicity
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Hemolysin Proteins / isolation & purification*
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Hemolysin Proteins / metabolism
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Hemolysin Proteins / toxicity
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Isatin / isolation & purification
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Isatin / metabolism
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Isatin / pharmacology
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Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
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Mass Spectrometry
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Phospholipids / chemistry
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Phospholipids / isolation & purification
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Phospholipids / metabolism
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Phospholipids / toxicity
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Pigments, Biological / isolation & purification*
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Pigments, Biological / metabolism
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Pigments, Biological / toxicity
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Pseudoalteromonas / chemistry*
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Pseudoalteromonas / isolation & purification*
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Surface-Active Agents / chemistry
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Surface-Active Agents / isolation & purification*
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Surface-Active Agents / metabolism
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Surface-Active Agents / toxicity
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Water Microbiology
Substances
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Antifungal Agents
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Fatty Acids
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Hemolysin Proteins
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Phospholipids
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Pigments, Biological
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Surface-Active Agents
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Isatin