Proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells plays a key role in the development of pathologic processes characterized by intimal thickening. Cadherins are adhesion receptors involved in homophilic cell-cell interactions, but they can also act as signaling molecules that affect cell behavior, including proliferation, migration. and survival. The matrix-degrading metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of proteolytic enzymes that modulate tissue remodeling, proliferation, and migration by degradation of extracellular matrix proteins as well as non-matrix proteins, including cadherins. This review discusses the key links between cadherins and MMPs in cell proliferation. A greater understanding of these processes may aid with the design of new clinical therapeutic approaches for atherosclerosis and restenosis.