Donor specific transfusion (DST) is proclaimed to improve graft survival in living related kidney transplantation (LRTx). The aim of the present study was to estimate the influence of DST on LRTx graft function, acute rejection rate (AR) and survival in the early and late posttransplant period. Fifty-five LRTx patients (grafted in the same year, and matched for recipients' and donor's age, sex) were included into the study. Ninety pts received DST: 4 patients were excluded from further evaluation (3 developed positive cross match reaction and one patients received cadaver graft) and 15 patients subsequently underwent LRTx from their respective blood donors (group 1). Their outcome was compared with 15 patients who had never been transfused before (group 2) and 25 random transfused patients (group 3). Besides similar patients' and donors' sex and age, kidney transplantations were performed in the same period. Graft functions were followed-up 6-60 months after LRTx. DST protocol consists of 3 x 150 ml potentially related donor's fresh whole blood at 2-week intervals (DST1, DST2, DST3) with 3 days azathioprine administration (2 mg/kg bw, one, day before to one day after DST administration). Donor specific cytotoxic antibodies were determined before DST1, at the day of DST2, DST3 and 14 and 28 days after DST3. All patients were grafted at least one month after the DST3. Immunosuppressive protocol consisted of three drugs. There is no difference in HLA mismatches, MLC answer, and pretransplant panel reactive antibodies level between groups. One patient from group 2 lost their graft in the first postTx month (acute tubular necrosis). A better graft function was preserved in patients from groups 1 and 3 than group 2 in the observed periods. Number of patients with acute rejection was unsignificantly different: 5/15 from group 1, 12/25 from group 3 but 8/10 patients from group 2. However, the acute rejection rate was lower in patients from group 1. One and five-year graft survival was 100% for grafts from groups 1 and 3, while it is gradually decreased for group 2 grafts: 84.5% and 57%. Our results confirmed the beneficial effect of blood transfusion on LRTx renal graft function and survival and DST on the incidence of acute rejection.