Previous studies, examining short-term recognition memory in patients with partial seizures as a consequence of mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS) have reported inconsistent findings. Dependent on the paradigms used for measuring recognition memory, some studies have demonstrated that the mesial temporal structures are not critically involved in short-term recognition memory. In addition, other studies found a lateralization effect that is consistent with the generally accepted association between left temporal lobe lesions and verbal memory deficits, and right temporal lobe lesions and non-verbal memory impairments. In the present study verbal and non-verbal recognition memory was tested in 41 patients with left or right temporal lobe epilepsy with MTS (22 left; 19 right) versus 44 patients with left or right temporal lobe epilepsy but without MTS (28 left; 16 right). Verbal and non-verbal recognition tasks were presented in both a serial and simultaneous condition to test a hypothesized local/global paradigm. Multiple analyses of variance (MANOVA) showed that unilateral MTS has no marked effects on verbal or non-verbal recognition memory of patients with seizures. An interaction effect between MTS and the lateralization of epileptic activity was found on memory performance: MTS only leads to deficits in recognition memory in patients with right-sided epileptiform activity. As hypothesized, patients with left temporal lobe abnormalities, have specific deficits with recognizing serially presented information.