Intact type 1 immunity and immune-associated coagulative responses in mice lacking IFN gamma-inducible fibrinogen-like protein 2

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 Mar 2;101(9):3005-10. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0308369101. Epub 2004 Feb 19.

Abstract

Fibrinogen-like protein 2 (Fgl2, fibroleukin) is a leukocyte product that exhibits significant homology to secreted proteins of diverse function, including growth factors, lectins, and components of extracellular matrix. Prior studies found that Fgl2 is IFN gamma-inducible, possesses direct coagulant activity, and inhibits T cell proliferation and dendritic cell maturation in vitro. Here, we demonstrate that Fgl2 expression is up-regulated during type 1 immunity in vivo and establish that such up-regulation is IFN gamma-, signal transducer and activation of transcription protein 1-, and IFN response factor 1-dependent. To investigate functional roles for Fgl2 during type 1 immunity, we generated Fgl2-deficient mice. Those animals are born at predicted Mendelian frequencies, appear overtly healthy, and contain normal numbers and frequencies of lymphoid cells. Although Fgl2 is IFN gamma-inducible and putatively regulates T cell activation/proliferation, we demonstrate that Fgl2-deficient and control mice exhibit similar degrees of T cell expansion, immunopathology, and/or pathogen burdens during protozoan (Toxoplasma gondii), bacterial (Yersinia enterocolitica, Listeria monocytogenes, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis), and viral (murine gamma-herpesvirus-68 and Sendai) infections. Fgl2-deficient mice also reject allografts with similar kinetics as control mice. Moreover, despite prior reports that Fgl2 functions as a procoagulant enzyme, we demonstrate that Fgl2-deficient and control mice produce similar levels of fibrin, a product of the coagulation cascade, during T. gondii infection and allograft rejection. Together, our findings suggest that Fgl2, although highly conserved and IFN gamma-inducible, is not a critical mediator of either type 1 immunity or immune-associated coagulant activity.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Bacterial Infections / immunology
  • Blood Coagulation / immunology
  • DNA Primers
  • Disease Models, Animal
  • Fibrin / immunology
  • Heart Transplantation / immunology
  • Interferon-gamma / immunology*
  • Lymphocyte Activation
  • Mice
  • Mice, Inbred BALB C
  • Mice, Inbred C57BL
  • Mice, Knockout
  • RNA, Messenger / genetics
  • T-Lymphocytes / immunology*
  • Toxoplasmosis / immunology
  • Transplantation, Homologous
  • Virus Diseases / immunology

Substances

  • DNA Primers
  • RNA, Messenger
  • Interferon-gamma
  • Fibrin