In order to explore the relationship between polymorphism of matrix gamma-carboxyglutamic acid protein (MGP) gene and blood lead level in children and to screen the gene which associated with lead poisoning, three hundreds and fifty-five children aged at 6 to 12 years old living in lead pollution area were recruited in this study. The blood lead level were measured. The T-138C polymorphism of MGP gene was analyzed with the method of polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism(PCR-RFLP). The blood lead level in children with wild type homozygotes(TT) was higher than those with mutated homozygotes(CC) (468.24 micrograms/L. vs. 430.31 micrograms/L, P < 0.05). The results indicated that the T-138C polymorphism of MGP gene in promoter region influenced blood lead level in children lived in lead pollution area.