Experimental autoimmune gastritis (EAG) characterised by mononuclear cell infiltrate, parietal and zymogenic cell destruction and circulating autoantibodies to gastric H(+)/K(+)ATPase is an animal model for human autoimmune gastritis, that leads to pernicious anaemia. We have previously shown that Fas has a role in initiating damage to target cells in EAG. Here we used three strategies to examine the role of TNFalpha in this disease. We administered neutralising anti-TNFalpha antibody either as a single injection or as twice weekly injections for 8 weeks to mice subjected to neonatal thymectomy-induced EAG. To address the role of apoptotic signals through TNFR1, TNFR1 deficient mice were either neonatally thymectomised or crossed to PC-GMCSF transgenic mice that spontaneously develop EAG. Neonatally thymectomised mice treated with anti-TNFalpha antibody developed destructive gastritis and autoantibodies to gastric H(+)/K(+)ATPase similar to control mice. Following either neonatal thymectomy or crossing to PC-GMCSF transgenic mice, TNFR1 deficient mice developed autoantibody-positive destructive gastritis at similar frequency compared with wild type and heterozygous littermates. Our observations that neutralisation of TNFalpha and absence of TNFR1 has no discernible effect on development of EAG suggest that TNFalpha is not required for mucosal cell damage or development of autoimmune gastritis. While blocking TNFalpha activity has therapeutic benefit in certain autoimmune diseases, this is not the case for EAG.