Abstract
Objective:
To determine causes of death, estrogen toxicity, and hyperprolactinemia in a murine model of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).
Methods:
Female New Zealand Black x New Zealand White (NZB x NZW) mice were implanted with ethinyl estradiol, 17 beta-estradiol, or empty capsules (controls).
Results:
Estrogen-treated mice developed striking hyperprolactinemia and died prematurely with genitourinary complications.
Conclusion:
Implanted estrogens, including 17 beta-estradiol in a dose reported previously to stimulate SLE, contribute to premature death in NZB x NZW mice, through toxic effects. Estrogen therapy increases the level of prolactin, an immunostimulatory hormone.
Publication types
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
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Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
MeSH terms
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Animals
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Drug Implants
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Estradiol* / pharmacology
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Ethinyl Estradiol* / pharmacology
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Glomerulonephritis / chemically induced
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Hyperprolactinemia / chemically induced*
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Hyperprolactinemia / etiology
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Kidney Failure, Chronic / chemically induced
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Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / complications*
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Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / genetics
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Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / mortality
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Mice
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Mice, Mutant Strains / genetics
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Pituitary Gland / drug effects
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Pituitary Gland / pathology
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Urinary Bladder / drug effects
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Urinary Bladder / pathology
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Urinary Bladder Neck Obstruction / chemically induced*
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Urinary Bladder Neck Obstruction / etiology
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Urinary Bladder Neck Obstruction / pathology
Substances
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Drug Implants
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Ethinyl Estradiol
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Estradiol