This work aims to contribute to the current discussion on the relationship between health and disease, taking a hermeneutic perspective on the issue. The first section, referring to the discussion among the hermeneutic, phenomenological, and existential lines of philosophy, analyzes the work of two philosophers, Kierkegaard and Heidegger, who profoundly influenced contemporary hermeneutics. The article discusses the concept of anguish, which for Kierkegaard (contrary to the biomedical approach) is a constitutive component of human beings: for Kierkegaard, as subsequently for Heidegger, anxiety is not a pathological symptom but a state that allows for privileged access to self-knowledge. In the second section, we approach how hermeneutics, and especially the work of Gadamer, developed the concepts of health, illness, and suffering; we also analyze how in recent years this perspective has influenced the social sciences (and particularly medical anthropology) in their approach to health problems. The third and final section discusses the implications of hermeneutics for clinical training and practice, demonstrating the applicability of Heidegger's and Gadamer's thinking for work by physicians and nurses.