In the past decade liver transplantation has become the standard therapy for terminal liver failure. An increasing organ shortage, specific regional allocation systems within the Eurotransplant area and the lack of an efficient system to identify donors have resulted in decreasing numbers of liver transplants. Approximately 20% of patients are dying on the waiting list, a list that has exploded in numbers and waiting time in the past 3 years. In particular children and small adults are put at a disadvantage since standard donors have standard size livers. Two options to solve this dilemma are the expanded use of split-liver and living-donor liver transplantation. The specific experiences applying these techniques at the Medizinische Hochschule Hannover are discussed and compared with the results given in the European Liver Transplant Registry. The retrospective analysis demonstrates a shift in the use of resources, with decreasing numbers of full-size cadaver liver transplants and an increase in split- and living-donor liver transplantation. Both techniques are limited to specific patient populations, a notion that has to be considered in the comparison of results and outcome. According to our experience the full-size cadaver liver is still the standard option, while other techniques require careful attention to the chosen recipient population, advanced surgical skills and, for living donors, as a sine qua non the prerequisite of nihil nocere.