The evaluation and management of the sexually assaulted woman is a challenging task that emergency physicians frequently face. The physician must assume dual roles as advocate for the patient and as an agent of the government. While caring for the immediate physical and emotional well being of the victim, the physician also must be diligent in the forensic evaluation and evidence collection. To receive quality care, the victim should receive a thorough history and physical examination with appropriate diagnosis and treatment of injuries, a thorough evidentiary examination, counseling and treatment for prevention of pregnancy and STDs, provisions for initial and ongoing mental health evaluation, and appropriate follow-up. To provide this high quality care, the physician must be familiar with the process of the evidentiary examination, have knowledge of the current recommendations for pregnancy and STD prophylaxis. and have thorough knowledge of the community resources that are available.