Treatment with the chimeric anti-CD20 antibody rituximab has been rapidly accepted into the clinical treatment of patients with CD20 positive lymphoma. The low toxicity profile, relative ease of administration, and encouraging response rates observed as a single agent allow it to be used alone or in combination with or following standard chemotherapies. Patients with follicular non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) have a high response rate to treatment with this new modality, with overall response rates of 50% to 60% in the relapsed setting and 70% in the initial setting. The addition of scheduled retreatment or maintenance therapy leads to improved clinical responses and delays time to progression. Combination trials with chemotherapy demonstrate feasibility and promising response rates including clearing of minimal residual disease detected using molecular techniques. To date, there are limited randomized clinical trial data available to guide the use of this new modality in this patient population and few long-term results. It remains difficult to determine when and how to use this new modality best in the overall treatment course of these patients. This paper discusses the rationale for the use of rituximab in patients with follicular NHL and discusses the available data involving dosing, schedule, timing, and combinations with chemotherapy.