The number of allogenic and autologous bone marrow transplantation (BMT) and the number of centers which perform these procedures have increased dramatically over the last 10 years. This increase can be attributed to the progress in supportive care which caused a significant decrease of transplant related mortality. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is now established therapy for many hematological malignancies, solid tumors and autoimmune disease. In spite of the great progress made, BMT is still a drastic procedure that may make patients suffer very much and can be even fatal. Careful exploration of the social and psychological situation of the patient is a very important factor which may prevent future difficulties. Many patients suffer psychological difficulties related to bone marrow transplantation from inadequate psycho-social preparation and support. It is important to prepare an information document about the newly diagnosed hematological malignancies. It must be a clear language and must answer the initial questions the patient will ask after diagnosis is made. The information leaflet distributed to the patients suffering from hematological malignancies can play an important role in the recovery of the immune system, thereby promoting a return to health.