Using the material from 12 corpses of males aged 19-44 years, the structural elements of mandibular osseous tissue were studied with scanning electron microscopy. The mosaic pattern was established in different areas which characterized the functional activity of particular region. In the bone surface, the resorbing, forming and formed (or inactive) areas were detected. Nutrition of the osseous tissue is provided by the lacunar-canalicular system, which is characterized by permanent remodelling of the bed. The development of osteocytic lacunae included the sequential formation of their bottom, walls and roof. These findings should be considered during preparation, conservation and selection of plastic material; they could also serve as a basis for theoretical and practical substantiation of the methods for optimization of reparative osteogenesis in the development of the new ways of directed influence on the processes of bone formation and resorption.