Leishmaniosis, whether localised or disseminated, is mainly correlated to cell-mediated immunodeficiency. Immunodeficient patients are also particularly prone to diseases due to Mycobacterium tuberculosis, in whom either the disseminated form or a localisation of the lungs prevails. We report a rather uncommon association of both pathologies successufully treated with N-methylglucamine antimonium followed by an association of rifampycin, isoniazid and ethambutol. The ethiopathogenetic mechanisms, are described.