We report a case of mumps virus (VM) caused secondary autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA). A 12-year-old boy was hospitalized at Paediatric Clinic of Sarajevo because of haemolytic anaemia followed by disturbed consciousness. Idiopathic hemolytic anemia was diagnosed on the basis of anamnesis, detailed clinical examination and laboratory analysis. The boy responded well to the therapy (corticosteroides, immunoglobulines, transfusions of red blood cells without buffy coat) with improvement of general condition and clinical aspect. Ninth day since the beginning of illness, firstly one than another parotide gland were enlarged, painful, followed by swallow problem and erythema of Stensen's duct. Epidemic parotitis were diagnosed on the basis of high amylasa in serum and urine.
Conclusion: AIHA could be seen as primary disease. But, in paediatric population it is more often only one manifestation of underlying disease which we should search for.