LOX-1 is a novel receptor for oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL) isolated from vascular endothelial cells and has been suggested to be involved in the formation of atherosclerotic and hypertensive vascular lesions. We previously reported that salt loading caused glomerulosclerosis and upregulation of LOX-1 in the kidney of Dahl salt-sensitive hypertensive rats. In the present study, we investigated LOX-1 expression in the remnant kidney, an established rat model for chronic renal failure. Six weeks after 5/6 nephrectomy, the rats showed elevated blood pressure, impaired renal function and increased renal expression of type I collagen. The LOX-1 gene expression in the remnant kidney was markedly increased compared with that in control rats, and immunohistochemical analysis showed that LOX-1 was widely expressed in the interstitial cells, whereas there was almost no staining in the glomeruli or tubules. Moreover, reduction of blood pressure by the angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor antagonist candesartan significantly suppressed the renal LOX-1 expression, and this suppression was accompanied by amelioration of renal injury. These results suggest that enhanced renal expression of LOX-1 might play some roles in the progression of chronic renal failure in rats.