beta-Catenin signaling: therapeutic strategies in oncology

Cancer Biol Ther. 2002 Nov-Dec;1(6):621-5. doi: 10.4161/cbt.309.

Abstract

Activated Wnt signaling pathways have been found in various human cancers, including those of the colon, liver, endometrium, ovary, prostate, and stomach. As a result, beta-catenin is accumulated and becomes transcriptionally active for proliferative genes and oncogenes. Wnt pathway mutations result in biochemical mechanisms yielding inefficient phosphorylation of beta-catenin by GSK3beta due to APC, beta-catenin and/or axin mutations. Therefore, the needs and the opportunity to develop new cancer therapies exist through reversing oncogenic APC/beta-catenin/Lef/Tcf signals. Exisulind and analogues are inhibitors of cyclic GMP phosphodiesterases (PDE) that have been shown to activate and induce protein kinase G. The data show PKG regulation of beta-catenin in wnt signaling, accounting, at least in part, for apoptosis induction in treated colon cancer cells carrying either APC or beta-catenin mutations. Exisulind and analogs reduce beta-catenin via a novel, GSK3beta independent processing mechanism. Activated PKG directly phosphorylate beta-catenin at its C-terminal domain and causes proteasome dependent degradation of the protein. Since this pathway is independent of APC and GSK3beta, exisulind and analogs provide a superior approach to circumvent the molecular defects of wnt signaling pathway and to treat cancers with such defects.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Adenomatous Polyposis Coli / metabolism
  • Adenomatous Polyposis Coli / pathology
  • Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Protein / genetics
  • Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Protein / metabolism
  • Animals
  • Antineoplastic Agents / therapeutic use
  • Axin Protein
  • Cytoskeletal Proteins / physiology*
  • Humans
  • Medical Oncology
  • Neoplasms / drug therapy
  • Neoplasms / metabolism
  • Neoplasms / pathology
  • Proteins / genetics
  • Proteins / metabolism
  • Repressor Proteins*
  • Signal Transduction / physiology*
  • Sulindac / analogs & derivatives
  • Sulindac / therapeutic use
  • Trans-Activators / physiology*
  • beta Catenin

Substances

  • Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Protein
  • Antineoplastic Agents
  • Axin Protein
  • CTNNB1 protein, human
  • Cytoskeletal Proteins
  • Proteins
  • Repressor Proteins
  • Trans-Activators
  • beta Catenin
  • Sulindac
  • sulindac sulfone