Lambs prevented from suckling their mothers display behavioral, immune and endocrine disturbances

Physiol Behav. 2003 Jan;78(1):81-9. doi: 10.1016/s0031-9384(02)00892-2.

Abstract

The aim of the experiment was to assess the effects of either maternal deprivation or prevented suckling on lambs. Thirty Comisana lambs were assigned to a control dam-suckled group (DS) and two test groups of 10 each. Test lambs were maintained with their mothers 24 to 30 h after parturition and subsequently offered ewe milk from buckets: EM lambs were separated from their mothers, while EM+D animals were reared with their dams but suckling was denied by covering ewe udders with juta bags. Behavioral, immune and cortisol responses of lambs were assessed throughout the experiment. EM+D lambs spent less time (P<.001) on investigative behavior compared to the two other groups. When isolated in a novel environment, EM+D lambs exhibited a shorter duration of movement (P<.01) and a longer latency time compared to DS and EM lambs (P<.001 and P<.05, respectively) as well as a higher number of bleats (P<.01) than EM lambs. EM+D lambs also displayed higher (P<.001) plasma cortisol levels than the other two groups when isolated at 4 days of age. When subjected to discrimination tests, EM+D lambs spent less time near their companions (P<.01) than EM lambs and took a longer time to reach their pen mates (P<.01) than DS and EM lambs. EM+D lambs displayed reduced growth (P<.001) compared to DS animals during the 0-7 and 8-14-day periods. We conclude that frustration arising from maternal feeding deprivation results in altered endocrine and behavioral responses and reduced growth suggesting emotional disturbances of lambs.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Animals, Suckling / immunology
  • Animals, Suckling / psychology*
  • Behavior, Animal / physiology*
  • Discrimination, Psychological / physiology
  • Endocrine System / physiology*
  • Hydrocortisone / blood
  • Immunity / physiology*
  • Leukocyte Count
  • Male
  • Maternal Deprivation*
  • Milk / chemistry
  • Ovalbumin / immunology
  • Phytohemagglutinins / immunology
  • Sheep
  • Social Behavior
  • Social Isolation / psychology
  • Weaning*
  • Weight Gain / physiology

Substances

  • Phytohemagglutinins
  • Ovalbumin
  • Hydrocortisone