The data reflecting the state-of-the-art of studies into soil pollution with heavy metals and radionuclides in the context of hygienic evaluation of the environment are presented. Soil pollution with heavy metals was shown to be characterized by natural heterogeneity, a wide range of elements, such as technogenic pollutants, and by the local (mosaic) distribution. The degree of pollution was generally not 2-3 times higher than the maximum allowable concentrations. Soil pollution with radionuclide elements is associated with human activities and confined to the western areas of the region, and also noted for patchiness.