pH-dependent release of cadmium, copper, and lead from natural and sludge-amended soils

J Environ Qual. 2002 Nov-Dec;31(6):1901-9. doi: 10.2134/jeq2002.1901.

Abstract

The pH-dependent release of cadmium, copper, and lead from soil materials was studied by use of a stirred flow cell to quantify their release and release rates, and to evaluate the method as a test for the bonding strength and potential mobility of heavy metals in soils. Soil materials from sludge-amended and nonamended A horizons from a Thai coarse-textured Kandiustult and a Danish loamy Hapludalf were characterized and tested. For each soil sample, release experiments with steady state pH values in the range 2.9 to 7.1 and duration of 7 d were performed. The effluent was continuously collected and analyzed. Release rates and total releases were higher for the Hapludalf than the Kandiustult and higher for the sludge-amended soils than the nonamended soils. With two exceptions the relative release rates (release rate/total content of metal in soil) plotted vs. steady state pH followed the same curves for each metal, indicating similar bonding strengths. These curves could be described by a rate expression of the form: relative release rate = k[H+]a, with specific a (empirical constant) and k (rate constant) parameters for each metal demonstrating that metal release in these systems can be explained by proton-induced desorption and dissolution reactions. With decreasing pH, pronounced increases in release rates were observed in the sequence cadmium > lead > copper, which express the order of metal lability in the soils. The flow cell system is useful for comparison of metal releases as a function of soil properties, and can be used as a test to rank soils with respect to heavy metal leaching.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adsorption
  • Cadmium / analysis*
  • Cadmium / chemistry
  • Copper / analysis*
  • Copper / chemistry
  • Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
  • Kinetics
  • Lead / analysis*
  • Lead / chemistry
  • Soil Pollutants / analysis*
  • Water Movements
  • Water Pollutants / analysis*

Substances

  • Soil Pollutants
  • Water Pollutants
  • Cadmium
  • Lead
  • Copper