Connexin 43 (GJA1) mutations cause the pleiotropic phenotype of oculodentodigital dysplasia

Am J Hum Genet. 2003 Feb;72(2):408-18. doi: 10.1086/346090. Epub 2002 Nov 27.

Abstract

Gap junctions are assemblies of intercellular channels that regulate a variety of physiologic and developmental processes through the exchange of small ions and signaling molecules. These channels consist of connexin family proteins that allow for diversity of channel composition and conductance properties. The human connexin 43 gene, or GJA1, is located at human chromosome 6q22-q23 within the candidate region for the oculodentodigital dysplasia locus. This autosomal dominant syndrome presents with craniofacial (ocular, nasal, and dental) and limb dysmorphisms, spastic paraplegia, and neurodegeneration. Syndactyly type III and conductive deafness can occur in some cases, and cardiac abnormalities are observed in rare instances. We found mutations in the GJA1 gene in all 17 families with oculodentodigital dysplasia that we screened. Sixteen different missense mutations and one codon duplication were detected. These mutations may cause misassembly of channels or alter channel conduction properties. Expression patterns and phenotypic features of gja1 animal mutants, reported elsewhere, are compatible with the pleiotropic clinical presentation of oculodentodigital dysplasia.

Publication types

  • Comparative Study
  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Child
  • Child, Preschool
  • Chromosomes, Human, Pair 6
  • Connexin 43 / genetics*
  • Conserved Sequence
  • Craniofacial Abnormalities / genetics
  • Craniofacial Abnormalities / pathology*
  • Eye Abnormalities / genetics*
  • Female
  • Genotype
  • Heterozygote
  • Humans
  • Infant
  • Infant, Newborn
  • Limb Deformities, Congenital / genetics
  • Limb Deformities, Congenital / pathology*
  • Male
  • Models, Molecular
  • Mutation*
  • Odontodysplasia / genetics*
  • Odontodysplasia / pathology*
  • Sequence Homology, Amino Acid

Substances

  • Connexin 43