Imprinting vortices in a Bose-Einstein condensate using topological phases

Phys Rev Lett. 2002 Nov 4;89(19):190403. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.190403. Epub 2002 Oct 22.

Abstract

Vortices were imprinted in a Bose-Einstein condensate using topological phases. Sodium condensates held in a Ioffe-Pritchard magnetic trap were transformed from a nonrotating state to one with quantized circulation by adiabatically inverting the magnetic bias field along the trap axis. Using surface wave spectroscopy, the axial angular momentum per particle of the vortex states was found to be consistent with 2 variant Planck's over 2pi or 4 variant Planck's over 2pi, depending on the hyperfine state of the condensate.