The research of new techniques for surgical repair of urethral stenosis, has developed interest and knowledge toward tissue handling and transfer in urology. Successful surgical repair of "long" stenosis is possible nowadays, using graft or flap tissue transfer. The knowledge of methral anatomy and of histopathology urethral anatomy, histopathology and physiopathology of the mechanism involved in process of urethral narrowing, is necessary for the diagnosis and the surgical indication of this pathology. To review physiopatological and anatomopathological aspects of urethral stenosis is the aim of the authors.